Dialogue in Cognitive Sciences in the Face of the Coeducation Controversy
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Published:
2021-01-12
Keywords:
Coeducation, cognitive sciences, neuroeducation, sexual difference, sexism, education
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to reflect on neuroscientific research in relation to sexual difference. The interest in this reflection is to address the debate on coeducation. The methodology used is fundamentally based on the review and contrast of the texts and theories that have starred in the debate in the last decade. In that time a controversy -already raised in the past- has emerged with force, on the pertinence of proposing again an education segregated by sexes as opposed to coeducation. In order to unravel this knot, we will see that, not only neurosciences will be important in what they tell us about our brains, but it will also need a critical view that must come from both a self-criticism of the neurosciences themselves, as well as from other disciplines, and very especially from the philosophy of education. In this sense, the set of cognitive theories will have to engage in an open and constant dialogue to comprehend important aspects that the neurosciences alone cannot respond. Therefore, a proposal from the so-called neuroeducation not only cannot ignore this transdisciplinary dialogue, but should, in some way, be able to lead it. Finally, the question will be what we understand by education and what philosophy of education we advocate. It is precisely this transdisciplinary view, rather than a unidirectional discourse of neurosciences or neuroeducation determined by the neuro jargon, what can make us assert that coeducation is the answer.
Article Details
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Monographic articles
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Choudhury, Suparna & SLABY, Jan (Eds.). 2012. Critical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience. New York: Wiley- Blackwell.
Choudhury, Suparna, Nagel, Saskia & Slaby, Jan. 2009. Critical Neuroscience: Linking Neuroscience and Society through Critical Practice. BioSocieties, 4(61), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1745855209006437
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Fausto-Sterling, Ann. 2000. Sexing the body. Gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Fausto-Sterling, Ann. 2015. How else can we study sex differences in early infancy? Developmental Psychobiology, 58(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21345
Fine, Cordelia. 2017. Testosterone Rex: Unmaking the Myths of Our Gendered Minds. London: Icon.
Fine, Cordelia. 2010. Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference. New York: W.W. Norton.
Fox Keller, Evelyn. 2010. The Mirage of a Space between Nature and Nurture. Durkham and London: Duke University Press.
Fuentes Canosa, Adela & Collado Ruano, Javier. 2019. Fundamentos epistemológicos transdisciplinares de educación y neurociencias. Sophia: Colección de la Educación, 26(1), 83-113. http://doi.org/10.17163/soph.n26.2019.02
Gabrieli, John, & Bunge, Silvia. 2016. The Stamp of Poverty. Scientific American Mind, 28(1), 54-61. http://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0117-54
García Dauder, Silvia & Pérez Sedeño, Eulalia. 2017. Las ‘mentiras’ científicas sobre las mujeres. Madrid: Los libros de la catarata.
Goldstein, Murray. 1990. The Decade of the Brain: Opportunities and Challenge. NN, 21(1).
Gracia, Xavier & Gozálvez, Vicent. 2019. La libertad incorporada como clave para la neuroeducación moral. Sophia: Colección de la Educación, 26(1), 59-82. http://doi.org/10.17163/soph.n26.2019.01
Guiso, Luigi, Monte, Ferdinando, Sapienza, Paola & Zingales, Luigi. 2008. Culture, Gender, and Math. Science, 320, 1164-1165. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3h0QrxV
Halpern, Diane F. 2012. Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities (4th edition). New York and Hove: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis (first edition, 1986).
Haraway, Donna. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The reinvention of Nature. London: Free Association.
Haraway, Donna. 2016. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press.
Harrison, Glenn W. 2008. Neuroeconomics: A Critical Reconsideration. Economics and Philosophy, 24(03), 303-344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267108002009
Hartley, Bonny L. & Sutton, Robbie M. 2013. A stereotype threat account of boys’ academic underachievement. Child Development, 84, 1716-1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12079
Hartmann, Martin. 2012. Against first nature. Critical Theory and Neurosciences. En Suparna Choudhury y Jan Slaby (Eds.), Critical Neuroscience (pp. 67-84). Wiley-Blackwell.
Honneth, Axel. 2009. Patologías de la razón. Historia y actualidad de la teoría crítica. Buenos Aires: Katz Editores.
Hyde, Janet S. 2005. The Gender Similarities Hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581
Hyde, Janet S. 2006. Gender Similarities Still Rule. American Psychologist, 641-642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.641b
Hyde, Janet S. 2007. New Directions in the Study of Gender Similarities and Differences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(5), 259-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00516.x
Hyde, Janet S. 2016. Sex and cognition: gender and cognitive functions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 38, 53-56. 10.1016/j.conb.2016.02.007
HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT. https://bit.ly/3nmcYaO
Joel, Daphna, Berman, Zohar, Tavor, Ido, Wexler, Nadav, Gaber, Olga, Stein, Yaniv, Shefi, Nisan, Pool, Jared, Urchs, Sebastian, Margulies, Daniel, Liem, Franziskus, Hänggi, Jürgen, Jäncke, Lutz & Assaf, Yaniv. 2015. Sex beyond the genitalia: The human brain mosaic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 112(50),15468-15473. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509654112
JOEL, Daphna & Mccarthy, Margaret M. 2017. Incorporating Sex as a Biological Variable in Neuropsychiatric Research: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Be? Neuropsychopharmacology, 42, 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.79
Johnson, Sara B., Riis, Jenna L. & Noble, Kimberly G. 2016. State of the Art Review: Poverty and the Developing Brain. Pediatrics, 137(4), e20153075. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3075
Jordan Young, Rebecca M. 2010. Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Kant, Immanuel. 2003. El conflicto de las facultades. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Kaiser, Anelis, Haller, Sven, Schmitz, Sigrid & Nitsch, Cordula. 2009. On sex/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research. Brain Res.Rev. 61, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.005
Kitchen, William H. 2017. Philosophical Reflections on Neuroscience and Education. London: Bloombsbury.
Klein, Susan S. (Ed.). 2007. Handbook for Achieving Gender Equity Through Education. New York: Routledge. Taylor and Francis Group.
Kraus, Cynthia. 2011. Critical Studies of the Sexed Brain: A Critique of What and for Whom? Neuroethics, 5(3), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-011-9107-7
Laqueur, Thomas. 1994. La construcción del sexo. Cuerpo y género desde los griegos hasta Freud. Madrid: Cátedra.
Leavis, Frank Raymon. 1962. Two Cultures. The Significance of C.P. Snow. London: Cambridge University Press.
Lipina, Sebastián J. 2016. Pobre cerebro: los efectos de la pobreza sobre el desarrollo cognitivo y emocional, y lo que la neurociencia puede hacer para prevenirlos. Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno Editores.
Malabou, Catherine. 2007. ¿Qué hacer con nuestro cerebro? Madrid: Arena Libros.
Maney, Donna L. 2015. Just like a circus: the public consumption of sex differences. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 19, 279-96. 10.1007/7854_2014_339
Maney, Donna L. 2016. Perils and pitfalls of reporting sex differences. Philosophical Transactions B. The Royal Society Publishing, 371(1688), 20150119. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0119
Marina, José Antonio. 2012. Neurociencia y educación. Participación educativa, 11(1), 7-13. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3p4CUIi
May, Arne. 2011. Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult human brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 475-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.002
Mehl, Matthias R., Vazire, Simine, Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Slatcher, Richard & Pennebaker, James W. 2007. Are Women Really More Talkative Than Men? Science, 6, 82. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139940
Miller, David I. & Halpern, Diane F. 2014. The new science of cognitive sex Differences. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.10.011
Miyake, Akira, Kost-Smith, Lauren, Finkelstein, Noah, Pollock, Steven, Cohen, Geoffrey & Ito, Tiffany. 2010. Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: a classroom study of values affirmation. Science, 330, 1234-1237. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195996
Mora, Francisco. 2013. Neuroeducación. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Narváez, Darcia. 2016. Embodied Morality. Proteccionism, engagement and imagination. London: Palgrave.
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