Sostenibilidad y cadena de suministro inversa: el papel mediador de la innovación ecológica
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Ante los crecientes obstáculos que plantea la gestión de residuos y la importancia cada vez mayor de la innovación ecológica, las cadenas de suministro inversas se están convirtiendo en una estrategia para que las organizaciones recuperen recursos, generen valor y reduzcan su huella medioambiental. Este estudio examina la influencia de prácticas sostenibles —como las compras sostenibles, la colaboración con proveedores ecológicos, el compromiso de la dirección y la normativa medioambiental— en la cadena de suministro inversa, con la mediación de la innovación ecológica en las pequeñas y medianas empresas iraquíes. El estudio adoptó un diseño cuantitativo y los datos se recopilaron a partir de 350 cuestionarios enviados a propietarios y directivos de empresas manufactureras en Irak. El autor empleó el modelo PLS-SEM para analizar la relación entre las variables. Los resultados muestran que la contratación pública sostenible, la colaboración con proveedores ecológicos y el compromiso de la alta dirección influyeron positivamente en la innovación ecológica. Por el contrario, la normativa medioambiental no tiene ningún efecto directo sobre la innovación ecológica. Este resultado puede explicarse por la débil aplicación de la normativa medioambiental en Irak. Además, la innovación ecológica media la relación entre las compras, la colaboración con proveedores ecológicos, el compromiso de la alta dirección y la cadena de suministro inversa. Esta investigación muestra cómo la innovación ecológica actúa como puente interno que transforma las prácticas generales de sostenibilidad en operaciones concretas y eficientes de la cadena de suministro inversa, abordando así un vacío en la investigación sobre el sector manufacturero y la logística.
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