Una mirada por el panorama digital: factores que dan forma a la dinámica empresarial en Arabia Saudita
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Resumen
este artículo proporciona un análisis exhaustivo de los factores que impactan las intenciones, los comportamientos, las innovacionesy el sentido de autoeficacia empresarial en el ecosistema empresarial digital en el Reino de Arabia Saudita. Al ilustrar los roles del ecosistema,la intención empresarial, la innovación y la educación, el estudio aspira proporcionar información sobre las dinámicas distintivas del emprendimientodigital en este entorno geográfico. El estudio utiliza tanto entrevistas cualitativas con expertos en la materia como análisis estadísticocuantitativo de las respuestas de la encuesta. El ecosistema empresarial digital saudita se explora cualitativamente a través de 15 entrevistas conexpertos de la industria y cuantitativamente con 248 respuestas a encuestas que permiten probar hipótesis utilizando modelos de ecuacionesestructurales. Los datos cuantitativos de este estudio se analizaron mediante PLS-SEM. Los resultados enfatizan los roles mediadores de laambición empresarial y la innovación, destacando la importancia clave del ecosistema empresarial digital para impulsar el comportamientoempresarial. La educación empresarial surge como un elemento poderoso que actúa como moderador en la configuración del éxito empresarial.La investigación proporciona información útil sobre las características únicas del emprendimiento digital en Arabia Saudita.
Palabras Clave
entrepreneurship, ecosystem, intention, innovation, digital ecosystem, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurs, Saudi Arabia emprendimiento, ecosistema, intención, innovación, ecosistema digital, educación empresarial, emprendedores, Arabia Saudita
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Cao, Z. y Shi, X. (2021). A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial ecosystems in advanced and emerging economies. Small Business Economics, 57, 75-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00326-y
Distanont, A. y Khongmalai, O. (2020). The role of innovation in creating a competitive advantage. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.07.009
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Feola, R., Vesci, M., Botti, A. y Parente, R. (2019). The determinants of entrepreneurial intention of young researchers: Combining the theory of planned behavior with the triple Helix model. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1424-1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12361
Ferreira, J., Coelho, A. y Moutinho, L. (2020). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, 92, 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.11.004
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W. y Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 32(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
Gielnik, M. M., Bledow, R. y Stark, M. S. (2020). A dynamic account of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(5), 487-505. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000451
Hervé, A., Schmitt, C. y Baldegger, R. (2021). Digitalization, entrepreneurial orientation & internationalization of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(4), 5-17. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1343
Hwang, W.-S., Choi, H.. y Shin, J. (2020). A mediating role of innovation capability between entrepreneurial competencies and competitive advantage. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 32(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1632430
Jafari-Sadeghi, V., Garcia-Perez, A., Candelo, E. y Couturier, J. (2021). Exploring the impact of digital transformation on technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion: The role of technology readiness, exploration and exploitation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.020
Jawad, M., Naz, M. y Maroof, Z. (2021). Era of digital revolution: Digital entrepreneurship and digital transformation in emerging economies. Business Strategy & Development, 4(3), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.145
Kumar, J. A., Bervell, B., Annamalai, N. y Osman, S. (2020). Behavioral intention to use mobile learning: Evaluating the role of self-efficacy, subjective norm, and WhatsApp use habit. IEEE Access, 8, 208058-208074. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3037925
Liang, R., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Shi, L., Shen, Z. y Du, W. (2023). Continued participation in crowdsourcing innovation: the role of web-specific computer self-efficacy. IEEE Access, 11, 100309-100322. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3314331
Martínez-Gregorio, S., Badenes-Ribera, L. y Oliver, A. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545
Palmié, M., Miehé, L., Oghazi, P., Parida, V. y Wincent, J. (2022). The evolution of the digital service ecosystem and digital business model innovation in retail: The emergence of meta-ecosystems and the value of physical interactions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121496
Ratten, V. y Usmanij, P. (2021). Entrepreneurship education: Time for a change in research direction? The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100367
Rippa, P. y Secundo, G. (2019). Digital academic entrepreneurship: The potential of digital technologies on academic entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 900-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.013
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Sedej, T. (2019). The role of video marketing in the modern business environment: a view of top management of SMEs. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 12(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2019.103388
Shaikh, F., Afshan, G., Anwar, R. S., Abbas, Z. y Chana, K. A. (2023). Analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence on employee productivity: the mediating effect of knowledge sharing and well-being. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(4), 794-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12385
Shu, Y., Ho, S.-J. y Huang, T.-C. (2020). The development of a sustainability-oriented creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship education framework: a perspective study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01878
Shwetzer, C., Maritz, A. y Nguyen, Q. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a holistic and dynamic approach. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration, 1(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIUC-03-2019-0007
Tomy, S. y Pardede, E. (2020). An entrepreneurial intention model focussing on higher education. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(7), 1423-1447. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2019-0370
Towers, N., Santoso, A. S., Sulkowski, N. y Jameson, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial capacity-building in HEIs for embedding entrepreneurship and enterprise creation-a tripartite approach. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(8), 881-899. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-06-2019-0185
Udayanan, P. (2019). The role of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intentions of graduate students: A study among omani graduates. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(4), 7-20. https://bit.ly/49LKnEh
Volberda, H. W., Khanagha, S., Baden-Fuller, C., Mihalache, O. R. y Birkinshaw, J. (2021). Strategizing in a digital world: Overcoming cognitive barriers, reconfiguring routines and introducing new organizational forms. Long Range Planning, 54(5), 102110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2021.102110
Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, S. y Mu, C. (2021). A preliminary exploration of factors affecting a university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 732388. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732388
Witschel, D., Dohla, A., Kaiser, M., Voigt, K.-I. y Pfletschinger, T. (2019). Riding on the wave of digitization: Insights how and under what settings dynamic capabilities facilitate digital-driven business model change. Journal of Business Economics, 89, 1023-1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00950-5
Yousaf, U., Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Usman, B. y Sameer, I. (2021). From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
Zahra, S. A., Liu, W. y Si, S. (2023). How digital technology promotes entrepreneurship in ecosystems. Technovation, 119, 102457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102457
Aloulou, W. J. (2021). 20. Mapping incubation mechanisms in Saudi Arabia: the state of the art and challenges for the future. Handbook of Research on Business and Technology Incubation and Acceleration: A Global Perspective, 351. https://bit.ly/3v0cQGW
Amit, R. y Zott, C. (2020). Business model innovation strategy: Transformational concepts and tools for entrepreneurial leaders: John Wiley & Sons. https://bit.ly/3uGpFX3
Bauman, A. y Lucy, C. (2021). Enhancing entrepreneurial education: Developing competencies for success. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.005
Boscán Carroz, M. C., Meleán Romero, R. A., Chávez Vera, K. J. y Calanchez Urribarri, Á. (2023). Peruvian entrepreneurship in the framework of sustainable development. Retos Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 13(26), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n26.2023.03
Bux, S. y Van Vuuren, J. (2019). The effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on the development of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention and predictions for entrepreneurial. Acta Commercii, 19(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v19i2.615
Cao, Z. y Shi, X. (2021). A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial ecosystems in advanced and emerging economies. Small Business Economics, 57, 75-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00326-y
Distanont, A. y Khongmalai, O. (2020). The role of innovation in creating a competitive advantage. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.07.009
Elia, G., Margherita, A. y Passiante, G. (2020). Digital entrepreneurship ecosystem: How digital technologies and collective intelligence are reshaping the entrepreneurial process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 119791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119791
Feola, R., Vesci, M., Botti, A. y Parente, R. (2019). The determinants of entrepreneurial intention of young researchers: Combining the theory of planned behavior with the triple Helix model. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1424-1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12361
Ferreira, J., Coelho, A. y Moutinho, L. (2020). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, 92, 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.11.004
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W. y Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 32(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
Gielnik, M. M., Bledow, R. y Stark, M. S. (2020). A dynamic account of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(5), 487-505. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000451
Hervé, A., Schmitt, C. y Baldegger, R. (2021). Digitalization, entrepreneurial orientation & internationalization of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(4), 5-17. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1343
Hwang, W.-S., Choi, H.. y Shin, J. (2020). A mediating role of innovation capability between entrepreneurial competencies and competitive advantage. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 32(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1632430
Jafari-Sadeghi, V., Garcia-Perez, A., Candelo, E. y Couturier, J. (2021). Exploring the impact of digital transformation on technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion: The role of technology readiness, exploration and exploitation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.020
Jawad, M., Naz, M. y Maroof, Z. (2021). Era of digital revolution: Digital entrepreneurship and digital transformation in emerging economies. Business Strategy & Development, 4(3), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.145
Kumar, J. A., Bervell, B., Annamalai, N. y Osman, S. (2020). Behavioral intention to use mobile learning: Evaluating the role of self-efficacy, subjective norm, and WhatsApp use habit. IEEE Access, 8, 208058-208074. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3037925
Liang, R., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Shi, L., Shen, Z. y Du, W. (2023). Continued participation in crowdsourcing innovation: the role of web-specific computer self-efficacy. IEEE Access, 11, 100309-100322. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3314331
Martínez-Gregorio, S., Badenes-Ribera, L. y Oliver, A. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545
Palmié, M., Miehé, L., Oghazi, P., Parida, V. y Wincent, J. (2022). The evolution of the digital service ecosystem and digital business model innovation in retail: The emergence of meta-ecosystems and the value of physical interactions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121496
Ratten, V. y Usmanij, P. (2021). Entrepreneurship education: Time for a change in research direction? The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100367
Rippa, P. y Secundo, G. (2019). Digital academic entrepreneurship: The potential of digital technologies on academic entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 900-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.013
Schmidt, T., Braun, T. y Sydow, J. (2019). Copying routines for new venture creation: how replication can support entrepreneurial innovation Routine dynamics in action: Replication and transformation (pp. 55-78): Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20190000061004
Sedej, T. (2019). The role of video marketing in the modern business environment: a view of top management of SMEs. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 12(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2019.103388
Shaikh, F., Afshan, G., Anwar, R. S., Abbas, Z. y Chana, K. A. (2023). Analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence on employee productivity: the mediating effect of knowledge sharing and well-being. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(4), 794-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12385
Shu, Y., Ho, S.-J. y Huang, T.-C. (2020). The development of a sustainability-oriented creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship education framework: a perspective study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01878
Shwetzer, C., Maritz, A. y Nguyen, Q. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a holistic and dynamic approach. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration, 1(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIUC-03-2019-0007
Tomy, S. y Pardede, E. (2020). An entrepreneurial intention model focussing on higher education. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(7), 1423-1447. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2019-0370
Towers, N., Santoso, A. S., Sulkowski, N. y Jameson, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial capacity-building in HEIs for embedding entrepreneurship and enterprise creation-a tripartite approach. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(8), 881-899. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-06-2019-0185
Udayanan, P. (2019). The role of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intentions of graduate students: A study among omani graduates. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(4), 7-20. https://bit.ly/49LKnEh
Volberda, H. W., Khanagha, S., Baden-Fuller, C., Mihalache, O. R. y Birkinshaw, J. (2021). Strategizing in a digital world: Overcoming cognitive barriers, reconfiguring routines and introducing new organizational forms. Long Range Planning, 54(5), 102110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2021.102110
Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, S. y Mu, C. (2021). A preliminary exploration of factors affecting a university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 732388. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732388
Witschel, D., Dohla, A., Kaiser, M., Voigt, K.-I. y Pfletschinger, T. (2019). Riding on the wave of digitization: Insights how and under what settings dynamic capabilities facilitate digital-driven business model change. Journal of Business Economics, 89, 1023-1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00950-5
Yousaf, U., Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Usman, B. y Sameer, I. (2021). From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
Zahra, S. A., Liu, W. y Si, S. (2023). How digital technology promotes entrepreneurship in ecosystems. Technovation, 119, 102457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102457
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