Contribution to the country brand through the sustainability of production processes in Chile: B Corp

Article Sidebar

g5
PDF (Spanish) PDF
Published: Oct 19, 2023
Updated: 2023-10-19
Versions:
2023-10-19 (5)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n26.2023.05
Keywords:
B companies, B cop, country brand, sustainability, product, service, production processes

Main Article Content

Ángel Acevedo-Duque
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3282
Agustín Pablo Álvarez-Herranz
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2495
Wileidys Artigas
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-5297

Abstract

this article aims to demonstrate the existence of companies that contribute to the country brand by incorporating sustainable mechanismsinto their processes, while generating profits and social value. The research was carried out using a mixed methodology and naturalisticmethod in five phases. 425 companies in Chile were analyzed, using the Corp B directory in Latin America and the Caribbean. The main findingsreveal that the global pandemic and economic situation has prompted the adoption of the B Corporation model, focusing on social welfare,economic growth, and preservation of natural resources. This study highlights the contribution of B Corps to the country brand in Chile. Theseorganizations are recognized for their commitment to sustainability, their social impact, and their ability to project the country’s image globally.Their innovative and responsible business practices make them key agents for sustainable development. The scope has been limited to the Chileancontext, which could restrict extrapolation to other geographical areas, with the existence of 4,000 companies with B Corp certification internationally.The results contribute knowledge to the administrative and social sciences, providing an understanding of how they generate value to thesustainability trilogy and in turn contribute to the country brand, which can serve as the basis for future studies and business strategies.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 13 No. 26 (2023): (October-March)
Section
Monographic section
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authorship: The list of authors signing must include only those people who have contributed intellectually to the development of the work. Collaboration in the collection of data is not, by itself, a sufficient criterion of authorship. "Retos" declines any responsibility for possible conflicts arising from the authorship of the works that are published.

Copyright: The Salesian Polytechnic University preserves the copyrights of the published articles, and favors and allows their reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Ecuador license. They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and work URL) are cited; (Ii) are not used for commercial purposes; Iii) mention the existence and specifications of this license.

Author Biography

Ángel Acevedo-Duque

With postdoctoral certificate in Public Management and Government, Doctor of Management Sciences, Specialist in Organization Management, Bachelor of Administration, Firefighter, PhD student of the PhD program in Economics and Business from the Castilla la Mancha University, Spain (UCLM-2021). Certified Researcher by the National Organization for Science, Technology and Innovation (ONTI-2015), International Lecturer, Editor and evaluator of scientific journals indexed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) of first level (Q1 and Q2), Research Coordinator of the Committee Iberoamerican Institute of Ethics and Bioethics (CIEB), Member of the Public Policy Observatory Research Group (OPP), Director of the Organizational Studies for Sustainability Research Group (GIEOS) and research professor at the Faculty of Administration and Business of the University Autonomous Region of Chile (UA), Chile.   He is currently a member of the stable faculty of postgraduate programs: MBA in Business Administration, Master's in Human Resources, Doctorate in Social Sciences, Doctorate in Law and commissioner of the academic committee of the doctorate in Sustainable Business Universidad Autónoma de Chile. In addition, he is a member of the teaching staff of international universities such as the doctoral program in Administrative Management of the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the Autonomous University of Honduras, doctorate in Administration of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa Mexico, the master's degree in Public Health, Doctorate in Epidemiology from the Jorge Basadre Grohman University of Peru, and a master's degree in public health from the San Andrés University, Bolivia. His research work has focused on issues in two lines of research: line 1, Public Policies for Business Sustainability and line 2, Management, Quality and Research Culture in Educational Organizations. Currently as part of his doctoral research, Country Brand and its contribution to the sustainable development of nations together with Spanish universities through the 3 strategic pillars (economic, social and environmental). This research experience has been reflected in the participation of Professor Acevedo Duque in competitive, international research projects, being the Principal Investigator (PI) in several of them.

References

Abrahamsson, A. (2008) Sustainopreneurship –business with a cause: the promise of creative business organizing for sustainability. En Johannisson & Lindholm Dahlstrand (Eds.), Bridging the functional and territorial views on regional entrepreneurship and development. Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research.

Abramovay, R., Correa, M. E., Gatica, S., & Hoof, B. V. (2013). Nuevas empresas, nuevas economías: Empresas B en Sur América. Multilateral Investment Fund.

Acevedo-Duque, Á., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Salazar-Sepúlveda, G. (2020). Analysis of hospitality, leisure, and tourism studies in Chile. Sustainability, 12(18), 7238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187238

Agustín Sánchez-Ortega, J., Seminario-Polo, A., & Marcial Oruna-Rodríguez, A. (2021). Responsabilidad social y la gestión de calidad: Empresa Peruana de Seguros. Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, 11(21).DOI https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n21.2021.07

Álvarez, A. B., & Pérez, P. S. (2000). La empresa sustentable en una sociedad de riesgo. Iztapalapa: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, (48), 163-182. https://revistaiztapalapa.izt.uam.mx/index.php/izt/article/view/578

B Lab. (2017). Why B Corps Matter. Recuperado de: https://www.bcorporation.net/what-are-b-corps/why-b-corps-matter.

B Lab. (2020). Why B Corps Matter. Recuperado de: https://www.bcorporation.net/what-are-b-corps/why-b-corps-matter.

Barua, A.; & Ioanid, A. (2020) Country Brand Equity: The Decision Making of Corporate Brand Architecture in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7373. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187373

Benites, M., González-Díaz, R. R., Acevedo-Duque, Á., Becerra-Pérez, L. A., & Tristancho Cediel, G. (2021). Latin American microentrepreneurs: Trajectories and meanings about informal work. Sustainability, 13(10), 5449. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105449

Bianchi, C., Reyes, V., & Devenin, V. (2020). Consumer motivations to purchase from benefit corporations (B Corps). Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1897

Calva, J. L. (2007). Sustentabilidad y desarrollo ambiental (Vol. 14). Unam.

Campos, V. (2016). La economía social y solidaria en el siglo XXI: un concepto en evolución. Cooperativas, B corporations y economía del bien común. Oikonomics. Rev. Econ. Empr. Soc. 6, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.7238/o.n6.1602

Cao, K., Gehman, J., and Grimes, M. G. (2017). “Standing out and fitting in: charting the emergence of certified B corporations by industry and region,” in Hybrid Ventures Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, eds J. A. Katz and A. C. Corbett (Bingley, UK: Emerald). 19, 1–38. http://doi.org/10.1108/S1074-754020170000019001

Chen, X., and Kelly, T. F. (2015). B-corps—A growing form of social enterprise: tracing their progress and assessing their performance. J. Leadersh. Organ. Stud. 22, 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814532529

Cho, M. (2016). Benefit corporations in the United States and community interest companies in the United Kingdom: Does social enterprise actually work. Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus., 37, 149. https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss1/4/

De Oliveira Cortes, L. H., Zappes, C. A., & Di Beneditto, A. P. M. (2019). Sustainability of mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) gathering in the southeast Brazil: A MESMIS-based assessment. Ocean & Coastal Management, 179, 104862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104862

Della Mea, G. (2013). Sistema B, Las Mejores Empresas Para el Mundo. https://innodriven.com/es/sistema-b-las-mejores-empresas-para-el-mundo/

Dini, M., and Stumpo, G. (2018). Mipymes en América Latina: un frágil desempeño y nuevos desafíos para las políticas de fomento, Documentos de Proyectos (LC/TS.2018/75). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).

Donadei, M. (2019). El papel de la participación en la transición socio-ecológica de la ciudad. RETOS. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 9(17), 55-70. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-1459

Esteves, E. T., & Fernandes, P. O. (2016). Perfil do visitante praticante de atividades de animação turística da região alto Trás-os-Montes. Gestin, (12), 149-162. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/13455

Gasco, L., Acuti, G., Bani, P., Dalle Zotte, A., Danieli, P. P., De Angelis, A., ... & Roncarati, A. (2020). Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 19(1), 360-372.https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2020.1743209

Glaser, B. G. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis. Sociology Press.

Glaser, B. G., y Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Transaction.

González-Díaz, R. R., Acevedo-Duque, Á. E., Guanilo-Gómez, S. L., y Cruz-Ayala, K. (2021). Ruta de Investigación Cualitativa – Naturalista: Una alternativa para estudios gerenciales. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(Especial 4), 334-350. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.37011

Groppa, O., & Sluga, M. L. (2015). Empresas y bien común Caracterización de las empresas de Economía de Comunión y empresas B en la Argentina. Cultura Económica, 33(89), 8-24. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/79192436.pdf

Harrison, R. D., Sreekar, R., Brodie, J. F., Brook, S., Luskin, M., O'Kelly, H., ... & Velho, N. (2016). Impacts of hunting on tropical forests in Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology, 30(5), 972-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12785

Hiller, JS y Shackelford, SJ (2018). La teoría de los recursos de la empresa y del fondo común: comprensión del surgimiento de las corporaciones de beneficios. Revista estadounidense de derecho comercial , 55 (1), 5-51.

Hsu, F.J., & Chen, S.H. (2020). Does corporate social responsibility drive better performance by adopting IFRS? Evidence from emerging market. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 371, 112631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2019.112631

Jin, C. H. (2018). The effects of creating shared value (CSV) on the consumer self-brand connection: perspective of sustainable development. Corp. Soc. Responsibil. Environ. Manag. 25, 1246–1257. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1635

José Urdaneta-Montiel, A., Vitorio Borgucci-García, E., & Jaramillo-Escobar, B. (2021). Crecimiento económico y la teoría de la eficiencia dinámica. Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, 11(21).DOI https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n21.2021.06

José Zambrano-Farías, F., Sánchez-Pacheco, M. E., & Rocío Correa-Soto, S. (2021). Análisis de rentabilidad, endeudamiento y liquidez de microempresas en Ecuador. Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, 11(22).DOI https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n22.2021.03

Kim, M. Y., Moon, S., & Iacobucci, D. (2019). The Influence of Global Brand Distribution on Brand Popularity on Social Media. Journal of International Marketing, 27(4), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X19863307

Lepoutre, J., & Heene, A. (2006). Investigating the Impact of Firm Size on Small Business Social Responsibility: A Critical Review. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9183-5

Lim, J.-S., Pham, P. and Heinrichs, J.H. (2020), "Impact of social media activity outcomes on brand equity", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 29 No. 7, pp. 927-937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2019-2298

Mejía-Giraldo, J. F. (2020). Relación entre el principio de reciprocidad y el compromiso del consumidor. RETOS. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 10(20), 249-264.DOI https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n20.2020.04

Müller-Pérez, J., Acevedo-Duque, Á., Rettig, P. V., García-Salirrosas, E. E., Fernández-Mantilla, M. M., Izquierdo-Marín, S. S., & Álvarez-Becerra, R. (2023). Consumer Behavior after COVID-19: Interpersonal Influences, eWOM and Digital Lifestyles in More Diverse Youths. Sustainability, 15(8), 6570.https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086570

Nigri, G., & Del Baldo, M. (2018). Sustainability Reporting and Performance Measurement Systems: How do Small-and Medium-Sized Benefit Corporations Manage Integration?. Sustainability, 10(12), 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124499

Palacio, J. R. S., & Climent, V. C. (2018). Economía del Bien Común y finanzas éticas. CIRIEC-España, revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa, (93), 241-264.DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIEC-E.93.11012

Pecotich, A., & Ward, S. (2007). Global branding, country of origin and expertise: An experimental evaluation. International Marketing Review, 24(3), 271-296.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330710755294

Riolfo, G. (2020). La nueva corporación benéfica italiana. Revista de Derecho de las Organizaciones Empresariales Europeas , 21 (2), 279-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-019-00149-9

Rocha, C., & Wyse, F. (2020). Host country brand image and political consumerism: The case of Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 29(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.32731/SMQ.291.032020.05

Rodrigo-Cano, D., Picó, M. J., & Dimuro, G. (2019). Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible como marco para la acción y la intervención social y ambiental. RETOS. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 9(17), 25-36. DOI https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n17.2019.02

Saiz-Álvarez, JM, Vega-Muñoz, A., Acevedo-Duque, Á., Y Castillo, D. (2020). B Corps: Un enfoque socioeconómico para la poscrisis del COVID-19. Fronteras en psicología, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01867

Salcedo Guzmán, M. P., San Martín Rebolloso, F., & Barber Kuri, C. M. (2010). El desarrollo sustentable. Modelo de conciliación entre el progreso económico, la justicia social y la preservación del medio ambiente.URI http://hdl.handle.net/11191/2992

Salgado-Beltrán, L., & Beltrán-Morales, L. F. (2011). Factores que influyen en el consumo sustentable de productos orgánicos en el noroeste de México. Universidad y ciencia, 27(3), 265-279. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0186-29792011000300003&lng=es

Salmerón Lechuga, P. (2019). Análisis de la certificación B-Corp. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.

Sanchís Palacio, J. R., Campos Climent, V., & Ejarque Catalá, A. T. (2020). La Economía del Bien Común como modelo transformador. Análisis comparativo por países en Europa. Revista De Economía Mundial, (54). https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i54.3850

Sanchis-Palacio, J. R., & Campos-Climent, V. (2019). El modelo de la economía del bien común: aproximación desde el enfoque organizativo y el análisis bibliométrico. Estudios Gerenciales, 35(153), 440-450. doi: https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2019.153.3361

Sevin, H. E. (2014). Understanding cities through city brands: City branding as a social and semantic network. Cities, 38, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.01.003

Silva, E. (2013). Empresas B. Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Sørensen, K. E., & Neville, M. (2014). Social Enterprises: How Should Company Law Balance Flexibility and Credibility?. European Business Organization Law Review, 15(2), 267-308. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1566752914001128

Stecker, M. J. (2016). Awash in a sea of confusion: Benefit corporations, social enterprise, and the fear of “greenwashing”. Journal of Economic Issues, 50(2), 373-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2016.1176481

Strauss, A., y Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. SAGE Publications.

Stubbs W. (2017). Characterising B corps as a sustainable business model: An exploratory study of B Corps in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 144, 299–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.093

Suárez, J. C., Paredes, S. S., & Ortega, G. R. (2017). La cultura organizacional y su influencia en la sustentabilidad empresarial. La importancia de la cultura en la sustentabilidad empresarial. Estudios Gerenciales: Journal of Management and Economics for Iberoamerica, 33(145), 352-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.11.006

Swaminathan, V., Page, K. L., & Gürhan-Canli, Z. (2007). “My” brand or “our” brand: The effects of brand relationship dimensions and self-construal on brand evaluations. Journal of consumer research, 34(2), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1086/518539

Zebryte, I., & Jorquera, H. (2017). Chilean tourism sector “B Corporations”: evidence of social entrepreneurship and innovation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(6), 866-879. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2017-021